Energy Efficiency Pathways for Green University Campuses

Universities are both energy consumers and living laboratories for sustainability transitions. This paper models retrofit and renewable-generation pathways for mid-sized campuses in arid climates, combining building-level audits with multi-criteria decision analysis. Results indicate that envelope upgrades paired with rooftop photovoltaics yield the highest cost-to-carbon ratio over a fifteen-year horizon, while behavioural programmes amplify savings when linked to transparent metering dashboards. Policy implications for campus master planning and green procurement are discussed.